The RA Civil Procedure Code provides the burden of proof and then in another article provides the grounds for being exempted from the obligation to prove. Thus Article 52 of the RA Civil Procedure Code provides that the circumstances publicly known need not be proved.
Second: Circumstances that have been previously examined and confirmed upon an enforced civil judgment under a civil case shall not be proved again when examining a different case at court between the same persons.
And third: criminal judgment entered into force shall be mandatory for the court only in respect of facts which confirm certain actions and persons having committed them.
