Copyright to a work of scholarship, literature, or art arises by virtue of the fact of its creation. Neither registration of the work nor the observance of any other formalities is required for the arising of copyright.
A person indicated as author upon first publication of a work is considered its author unless proven otherwise.
If a work is published anonymously or under a pseudonym (with the exception of the case when the pseudonym of the author leaves no doubt as to his identity), the publisher, the name or designation of which is indicated on the work, in the absence of proofs otherwise is considered to be a representative of the author and has the right to protect the rights of the author and ensure their exercise. This provision shall stay in effect until the author of such a work reveals his identity or declares his authorship.
